The mention of Gafsa immediately brings to mind “Capsian” the civilisation, which in the Vth millenary made a major turn in the history of civilisation in North Africa. It is therefore not surprising that prehistory holds a choice place in this museum with various flint and stone tools or worked of bone. There are also human and animal representations and material evidence of spiritual life. The visit of this department can usefully be completed by that, in another town quarter, of the last “snailery” saved from destruction, a tumulus dating to prehistory made of thick deposits of ash mixed with flint ships and snail shells (these gastropods were one of the main foods to be consumed during the Capsian era).